International audienceThis article traces the history of the city of Harar prior to the mid-16th century until the end of the Barr Saʿd ad-Dīn Sultanate. The research for this article is based on the few mentions of the city that exist in the medieval literature and on recent archaeological data. It shows that, contrary to what has been proposed by oral traditions since the late 19th century and by the archaeological data and interpretation proposed by Insoll in 2017, Harar did not become an urban, economic, and religious center until the early 16th century when the city became the new capital of Barr Saʿd ad-Dīn. Until then and since the establishment of the sultanate in the early 15th century, the sultans’ power was centered in Dakar. The...