Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Review of Pathological Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and Treatment
- Mario Guanti
- Giovanni Pellacani
- Laura Bonzano
- Tatiana Alicandro
- Patrizia Pepe
- Pietro Andreone
- Victor Desmond Mandel
DOIAbstract
Urticaria is a poorly understood and underestimated clinical condition characterised by the sudden onset of itchy wheals and/or angioedema, which usually resolve within 24 and 72 hours, respectively. It is generally classified as being acute (lasting <6 weeks) or chronic (continuous or intermittent for ≥6 weeks). Chronic urticaria can be further classified as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria, appearing in response to specific eliciting factors, such as heat, cold, or sun exposure, or following the application of pressure. Scientific advances have been made in the understanding of pathological mechanisms and treatment, especially associated with CSU. The exact pathological mechanism of how urticaria develop...
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