Influence of solid boundary conditions on the evolution of free and wall-bounded turbulent flows

The effect of the boundary conditions on the organization of vortex clusters is analyzed in two separate cases: rough channel flow and grid-generated turbulence. The aim is to understand how far the fluid structures are affected by the presence of roughness and the geometry of the grid. The grid-turbulence cases show that the single- and multi-scale geometries generate a flow strongly dominated by the shear at the beginning. The shear is initially caused by the presence of the body and, for the multi-scale grids, subsequently by the large differences between the scales. Further downstream from the grid these shear-dominated structures break up and form more isotropic clusters, whose dimensions seem to depend little on the particular geometry of the grid. For fractal grids, clusters are formed right downstream of the grid, resulting in a flow with less inhomogeneities than for single- and multi-scale grids. Eight different rough surfaces have been analyzed. In the smooth channel, both attached and detached clusters have been found and, depending on the geometry, the roughness affects the attached structures. Roughnesses made of aligned obstacles with a large separation seem to reduce the number of these structures in the flow. When the roughness elements are closely packed, both for transverse and aligned obstacles, the attached clusters are not able to reach within the roughness elements, and they seem to be anchored to the plane of the crests