The Syntax of the Dative in Beowulf (Ⅳ)

ⅰ) Dative of Reference This dative denotes the person to whom the statement seems true, or with reference to whom it holds good. Its chief types are : α) [ ] is me to feran. 316. β) Swa [ ] geomorlic gomelum ceorle to gebidanne, [ ] ・・・2444-5. γ) [ ] him Beowulfes [ ], modges merefaran, micel [ ]. 501-2. δ) Ne [ ] swylc cwenlic peaw idese to efanne, 1940-1 ε) Denum eallum [ ] winum Scyldinga weorce on mode to gepolianne, 1417-9. ζ) cyningbalde men from [ ] holmclife hafelan [ ] [ ] heora [ ] 1634-6. j. Dative of Interest This dative denotes the person to whose advantage or disadvantage the action results (Dativus commodi et incommodi). The chief examples are : α) with transitive verbs : [ ] [ ] [ ] hors [ ], wicg wundenfeax. 1399-1400. no [ ] him wearne geteoh [ ] gegncwida, gladman [ ] 366-7. β) with intransitive verbs : symle ic him on [ ] beforan wolde, ana on orde, 2497-8. nu seo hand [ ], se pe eow welhwylcra wilna dohte. 1343-4. k. Locative Dative This dative is found in the dative infinitive of specification. Sorh is me to secganne ・・・[ ] me Grendel [ ] [ ] on Heorote・・・gefremed. 473-6. Wundor is to secganne, hu mihtig God manna cynne ・・・ snyttru [ ]. 1724-6