New Teaching Tools Capable of Developing the Concept of Electricity

前報の児童・生徒の電気概念認識の実態の研究では,現行カリキュラムに基づいた電気概念の学習はきわめて困難で、電気を物質として認識する者が多かったのに対し,静電気は,生活経験の中から,直観的にエネルギー的に認識する者が多いという結果を得た。故に,エネルギー概念獲得に必要な電気のカリキュラムは,静電気の学習を基礎とすることが妥当であると考えられる。本研究では,これらの考察から静電気に関する子供の日常経験を生かし,また容易に操作でき,且つできるだけ定量的な実験の可能な摩擦型静電気発生装置と,それを利用する教具の開発を試みたので,その詳細を述べる。又,本教具を使った小・中・高・大学生の静電気概念の発達過程の調査結果を述べる。According to the previous report on the present conditon of the understanding of the concept of electricity of students, the learning of this concept based on the present curriculum seems to be very difficult. Almost students were found to regard the electricity as a form of matter, but, on the contrary, the majority of these students know that the electricity is a kind of energy from their daily experience. Therefore, it seems more reasonable that the curriculum of electricity for the understanding the energy concept should be based on the learning of static electricity. From these considerations, the attempts were made on the development of a tool generating static electricity by friction method, which can utilize their daily experience, can be operated easily by them, and is able to undertake quantitative experiments, and tools which make use of the electricity from this generator. This report describes the details of these attempts and the survey result of the deveopment process of the concept of static electricity, which is much better than that by the present curriculum, of students ranging from primary school to colleges by letting them do experiments with the tools mentioned above