Hiszpania wobec problemu decentralizacji władzy – istota sporów i reakcje prasowe

The problem of decentralization of power and the development of regionalisms is common in Spain – a country that never has been uniform in the cultural, linguistic, ethnical, political or economical sense. This article describes the essence of conflicts between the partisans of the centralized monarchy and the supporters of the decentralization and the most possible autonomy of regions. There is presented thus some historical aspects of the problems: from the beginnings of the Spanish nation and the big Iberian monarchy with centralized power of the Catholic Kings till the general Franco regime. Then, the new era of the new constitution is described too. In the Spanish constitution of 1978 is tackled the problem of decentralization of power, but it has been not guaranteed the federal status of the country. However, the new name of regions it has been established – the Comunidades Autónomas that have been entitled to create their estatutos, i.e. regional “constitutions”. This article not only presents one of the most important problems of the contemporary Spain, but it focused too on the press reactions about it. Thus, one can read some cites of articles published in the most important Spanish dailies: the economic prestige paper “Expansión” (“Expansion”), the famous left-linked “El País” (“The Country”) and the traditional, conservative “ABC”. Moreover, there is presented too the regional perspective, because of some opinions extracted from the catalan-language daily “Avui” (“Today”) and the daily “Gara” (“We are” in euskera – the Basque language) that is edited in Basque Country and supports the Basque separatism. The variety of opinions presented in different dailies reflects well the essence of this Spanish “organic” problem. In the last part of the article there is presented the same problem, but in a new perspective, that is in relation with the European Union’s rules. Spain is a member of EU from 1986 and from this date the relations between Madrid and Comunidades Autónomas changed. The new, European level of power introduced new rules within Spanish system of government order. The center of gravity passed from Madrid-CCAA relations to the triangular relations CCAAMadrid-Brussels. The Comunidades Autónomas have entered to some European organizations that groups regions willing act for the same, common purposes on the continental or even global level. This article thus described the problem of the decentralization of power in Spain from the different perspectives: the historical one, the regional one, the European one and other that could be defined as “press one” and that reflects well the pluralism in the described question