Formation of fishing villages and fisheries in Ise bay : Case study on fishing villages in Mie Prefecture in the Meiji era

In this paper, we analyze the development of fishing in Ise-Bay, and the formation of fishing villages in the Meiji Era. The Meiji Era is the period before the Taisho-Showa Eras when Japanese fishing and fishing villages underwent rapid development. By studying the fishing of Ise-Bay in the Meiji Era, and formation of fishing villages, the conditions of development of Ise-Bay's fishing can be clearly shown. We clarify the followings in this paper. (1) In the Edo Era, fishing villages were formed early in the Hokusei area. These fishing villages were deficient in the conditions of agriculture. By such factors, fishermen had already caught fishes in the offshore fishery of Aichi Prefecture in the Meiji Era, and they have continued catching fishes for every year. (2) In the Meiji Era, fishing was separated from agriculture in some villages in the Hokusei area. In the second half of Meiji, fishing was completely established as a culture in such villeges by the success of laver culture etc. (3) Shore seine fishing was developed typically in the Chusei area. However, in such fishing villages, agriculture was the major occupation, and fishing occupied only the secondary position. In this case, it is possible that in such fishing villages, fisheries were not able to free themselves from the instability of catching fishes and it's seasonal nature. (4) Fundamentally, the fishing village zone of the Nansei area also greatly has fishing villages based on agriculture. This is also true in the Chusei area. However, in some fishing villages, we pointed out that they have caught fishes every year by small-scale fishing boat