ASSIGNMENT OF DIFFERENT RIGHTS IN BANKRUPTCY INSTITUTE ANALYSIS AND CASE STUDIES

Ugovor o ustupu novčane tražbine uređen je odredbama članaka 80.-89. Zakona o obveznim odnosima, a njime ustupitelj prenosi primatelju određenu novčanu tražbinu koju ima prema određenom dužniku, zajedno sa svim sporednim pravima (pravo prvenstvene naplate, hipoteka, založno pravo, pravo iz ugovora s jamcem, kamate, troškovi, ugovorna kazna i sl.). U pravnom prometu ovaj ugovor se često koristi u djelatnosti određenih trgovačkih društava i financijskih institucija koje se bave kupnjom i prodajom novčanih potraživanja. Radi naplate takvih novčanih tražbina osiguranih založnim pravom na nekretninama njihovi imatelji, založni vjerovnici, se pojavljuju u stečajnim postupcima u kojima, prema odredbama Stečajnog zakona imaju pravni položaj razlučnih vjerovnika, a koji im omogućava odvojeno namirenje iz nekretnine na kojoj imaju upisano založno pravo. Tijekom dugotrajnih stečajnih postupaka moguće je i daljnje ustupanje novčanih tražbina razlučnih vjerovnika. Prikazom nekoliko karakterističnih slučajeva cesije novčanih tražbina razlučnih vjerovnika u više stečajnih postupaka prikazat će se primjena opisanog ugovora s njegovim određenim specifičnostima. Svim tim primjerima zajedničko je da su novčane tražbine koje su predmet prikazanih ugovora o ustupu nastale kreditnom djelatnošću banaka te da su banke svoja nenaplaćena potraživanja prema korisnicima kredita prodale određenim specijaliziranim trgovačkim društvima koja se bave otkupom novčanih tražbina, a da su potom ova društva kao primatelji ustupljenih tražbina dalje ustupili iste uz ugovorenu naknadu drugim primateljima ustupa. Ti primatelji su ili dalje prodavali preuzete tražbine ili su sami poduzimali potrebne radnje u stečajnom postupku kao razlučni vjerovnici radi njihova namirenja. Ova vrsta ugovora može se smatrati važnim pravnim instrumentom za postizanje gospodarskih učinaka u cilju ostvarenja značajnih prihoda odnosno dobiti kroz ostvarene razlike između naknade za ustupljena potraživanja i iznosa postignutog namirenjem same novčane tražbine u stečajnom postupku.The contract on the assignment of a monetary claim is governed by the provisions of Articles 80-89. of the Obligations Act, whereby the assignor transfers to the recipient a specific monetary claim that he has against a specific debtor, together with all secondary rights (right of first payment, mortgage, right of lien, right from the contract with the guarantor, interest, costs, contractual penalty, etc.) In legal transactions, this contract is often used in the activities of certain companies and financial institutions that deal with the purchase and sale of monetary claims. In order to collect such monetary claims secured by a lien on real estate, their owners, the lien creditors, appear in bankruptcy proceedings in which, according to the provisions of the Bankruptcy Act, they have the legal position of separate creditors, which enables them to be settled separately from the real estate on which they have a registered lien. During long-term bankruptcy proceedings, further assignment of monetary claims of different creditors is also possible. The presentation of several characteristic cases of assignment of monetary claims of different creditors in several bankruptcy proceedings will show the application of the described contract with its specific specificities. All of these examples have in common that the monetary claims that are the subject of the presented assignment agreements were created by the credit activity of the banks, and that the banks sold their outstanding claims against the loan beneficiaries to certain specialized companies dealing with the redemption of monetary claims, and that these companies then acted as recipients. of the assigned claims further assigned the same to other assignees with an agreed fee. These receivers either sold the assumed claims or took the necessary actions themselves in the bankruptcy proceedings as separate creditors in order to settle them. This type of contract can be considered an important legal instrument for achieving economic effects in order to achieve significant income, i.e. profit through realized differences between compensation for assigned claims and the amount achieved by settling the monetary claim itself in bankruptcy proceedings