SENZORI U AUTONOMNIM VOZILIMA

Tema ovog rada su senzori u autonomnim vozilima. Razvoj tehnologije, ali i urbanizacija doprinijela je evoluciji autoindustrije koja značajno utječe na svakodnevne migracije ljudi. Procvatom elektronike uporaba različitih valova iz elektromagnetskog spektra omogućila je razvoj senzora kao što su kamere, radari i LiDAR-i što je dovelo do njihove implementacije u upravljački sustav vozila. Ovim velikim iskorakom čovjek je razvio ADAS (eng. advanced driver assistance systems) koji omogućava lakšu i sigurniju vožnju. Vrhunac ove ere obilježava razvoj autonomnog vozila kao automobila kojim upravlja računalni sustav upravo na temelju senzora koji djeluju kao primatelji informacija iz okoline. Stoga ovaj rad u svom uvodu obrazlaže pojam autonomnog vozila i njegovu zakonsku regulativu u Republici Hrvatskoj. Nadalje, ukazuje na različite stupnjeve autonomije pri klasifikaciji autonomnih vozila. Obrazlažući senzore i njihove podjele daje se uvid u različite načine prikupljanja informacija iz okoline, a potom detaljno opisuje upotrebu kamera, radara, LiDAR-a, ultrazvučnih senzora i inercijskih mjernih jedinica. Zatim na praktičnom primjeru Tesle kao premijernog autonomnog vozila rad analizira vrste senzora koje se koriste pri autonomnoj vožnji.The topic of this paper are sensors in autonomous vehicles. With the development of technology, as well as urbanization, the needs of an average person to use a car as a means of transportation have increased, so technology has also developed in the direction of facilitating this everyday action. With the boom in electronics, the use of different waves from the electromagnetic spectrum enabled the development of sensors such as cameras, radars and LiDARs, which led to their implementation in the vehicle control system. With this great step forward, man has developed ADAS (advanced driver assistance systems), which enables easier and safer driving. The peak of this era is marked by the development of an autonomous vehicle as a car controlled by a computer system precisely based on sensors that act as receivers of information from the environment. Therefore, in its introduction, this paper explains the concept of an autonomous vehicle and its legal regulation in the Republic of Croatia. But it also points to different levels of autonomy when classifying autonomous vehicles. Explaining the sensors and their divisions, an introduction to different ways of collecting information from the environment is given. Then the use of cameras, radar, LiDAR, ultrasonic sensors, and inertial measurement units is described in detail. Then, using the practical example of Tesla as the premier autonomous vehicle, he analyzes the types of sensors used in autonomous driving