The impact of smoking on the risk of obstructive sleep apnea

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja za diplomski rad je bio ispitati utjecaj pušenja na rizik za nastanak opstrukcijske apneje tijekom spavanja. Ispitanici i postupci: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 100 ispitanika u dobi od 18 do 84 godine koji su dolazili na redovne preglede u ambulante obiteljske medicine. Za provedbu istraživanja korišten je anonimni STOP BANG upitnik u koji su uključena dodatna pitanja o pušačkom statusu i navikama pušenja. Svim ispitanicima određene su antropometrijske mjere. Tjelesna masa i visina mjerene su kalibriranom vagom i visinomjerom. Na temelju podataka iz upitnika ispitanici su podijeljeni u skupine STOP pozitivni i STOP negativni. Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja ispitanika bilo je 65 nepušača te 35 pušača. Nepušači su u odnosu na pušače imali veću tjelesnu masu (81,52 ± 16,01 vs 74,9 ± 15,2, P=0,046), veće vrijednosti ITM (27,01 ± 4,43 vs 25,09 ± 4,10, P=0,037), širi opseg vrata (39 ± 4,67 vs 36,71 ± 3,73, P=0,014) te širi opseg struka (99,91 ± 14,99 vs 92,94 ± 13,01, P=0,023). Pronađena je statistički značajna razlika između opsega vrata>43 cm za muškarce i >41 cm za žene (P=0,01). Naime, 18 (27,7%) nepušača imalo je širi opseg vrata u odnosu na pušače kod kojih je širi opseg vrata zabilježen u 2 (5,7%) ispitanika. Ukupno, 59 (59%) pacijenata imalo je rezultate STOP upitnika pozitivno, a njih 41 (41%) negativno. Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika između STOP pozitivnih i STOP negativnih s obzirom na status pušenja (P=0,482). Zaključak: Istraživanjem nije potvrđena povezanost navike pušenja i većeg rizika za nastanak OSA-e-. Međutim, kod više od polovice ispitanika prema upotrebljenom upitniku postoji srednji ili visoki rizik za nastanak OSA-e. S obzirom da je bolest često nedijagnosticirana potrebno je podizati svijest o ovoj bolesti i utjecaju raznih rizičnih čimbenika na njen nastanak kako bi dijagnosticiranje i liječenje bilo što učinkovitije.Objective: The objective of this thesis research was to examine the impact of smoking on the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Subjects and procedures: A total of 100 subjects between the ages of 18 and 84 who came for regular check-ups at family medicine clinics took part in the research. An anonymous STOP BANG questionnaire was used to conduct the research, which included additional questions about smoking status and smoking habits. Anthropometric measurements were determined for all subjects. Body mass and height were measured with a calibrated scale and altimeter. Based on the data from the questionnaire, the respondents were divided into STOP positive and STOP negative groups. Results: Out of the total number of respondents, there were 65 non-smokers and 35 smokers. Compared to smokers, non-smokers had a higher body mass (81.52±16.01 vs 74.9±15.2, P=0.046), higher BMI values (27.01 ± 4.43 vs 25.09 ± 4.10, P=0.037), wider neck circumference (39 ± 4.67 vs 36.71±3.73, P=0.014) and wider waist circumference (99.91± 14.99 vs 92.94 ± 13.01, P=0.023). A statistically significant difference was found between neck circumference >43 cm for men and neck circumference >41 cm for women (P=0.01). Namely, 18 (27.7%) non-smokers had a wider neck circumference compared to smokers, in whom a wider neck circumference was recorded in 2 (5.7%) subjects. In total, 59 (59%) patients had positive STOP questionnaire results, and 41 (41%) of them had negative results. No statistically significant difference was found between STOP positive and STOP negative group regarding smoking status (P=0.482). Conclusion: The research did not confirm the connection between smoking and a higher risk of OSA. However, according to the questionnaire used, more than half of the respondents have a medium or high risk of developing OSA. Given that the disease is often undiagnosed, it is necessary to raise awareness about this disease and the impact of various risk factors on its occurrence in order to make diagnosis and treatment as effective as possible