The role of the teacher in raising children of early and preschool age with allergies

Alergija je neuobičajeni i neprimjereni odgovor našeg imunološkog sustava na različite čimbenike okoliša. Nastaju kao reakcija na alergene koji se nalaz svugdje oko nas. Najčešći alergeni produkti su grinja kućne prašine, kućnih životinja (sastojci kože, dlake ili žljezdanih izlučevina), pelud, hrana (školjke, račići, kikiriki i sl.), lijekovi, konzervansi, aditivi hrani i pićima, plijesni, otrovi insekata i sl. Tom reakcijom dolazi do senzibilizacije tijela na određeni alergen te se javljaju simptomi na koži, disajnim organima i gastrointestinalnom traktu. U današnje je vrijeme sve veći postotak djece i odraslih sa nekom od alergija. Razlog tome su izmijenjen nutritivni status hrane uz trovanje hrane pesticidima i aditivima, , česte kronične infekcije koje iscrpljuju imunitet, stres, manjak fizičke aktivnosti, konzumacija loše vode, opterećenje našeg elektromagnetnog polja elektro smogom (računari, mobilni telefoni, Wi-Fi) i dr. Najčešće alergijske bolesti su alergijske bolesti dišnog sustava, alergijski konjunktivitis, alergijske bolesti kože, probavne alergijske bolesti, alergijske reakcije na lijekove te anafilaktičke reakcije, osobito preosjetljivost na otrove insekata. Simptomi alergijske reakcije mogu biti opći (sustavni) ili lokalizirani na organ ili organski sustav putem kojeg je alergen ušao u tijelo (koža i sluznice, probavni ili dišni sustav). Alergija nije nasljedna no sklonost alergiji je. Naslijeđena sklonost alergiji (atopija) ne mora značiti da će se neka od alergijskih bolesti i razviti. S obzirom da su alergije najčešće u dječjoj dobi odgojitelji trebaju biti educirani o alergiji i o tome kako reagirati ukoliko dođe don alergijske reakcije u djeteta.An allergy is an abnormal and inappropriate response of our immune system to various environmental factors. They are a reaction to allergens found all around us. The most common allergenic products are household dust mites, household pets (components of skin, hair, or glandular secretions), pollen, food (shellfish, crustaceans, peanuts, etc.), medicines, preservatives, food and beverage additives, molds, insect poisons, etc. This reaction sensitizes the body to a particular allergen and causes symptoms in the skin, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract. Nowadays, a growing percentage of children and adults have some form of allergy. The reasons for this are the altered nutritional status of food with food poisoning by pesticides and additives, the prevalence of chronic infections that deplete immunity, stress, lack of physical activity, consumption of bad water, the burden of our electromagnetic field with electro smog (computers, mobile phones, Wi-Fi) and so on. The most common allergic diseases are allergic respiratory diseases, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic skin diseases, digestive allergic diseases, allergic reactions to medicines and anaphylactic reactions, especially hypersensitivity to insect poisons. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may be general (systemic) or localized to the organ or organ system through which the allergen has entered the body (skin and mucous membranes, digestive or respiratory system). Allergies are not hereditary, but a predisposition to allergies is. An inherited tendency to allergy (atopia) does not necessarily mean that one of the allergic diseases will develop. Since allergies are most common in childhood, educators need to be educated about allergies and how to respond if a child develops an allergic reaction