Somatic disorders in women after pregnancy loss

Uvod: Gubitak trudnoće je spontani ili izazvani prekid trudnoće uz izbacivanje jajašca prije plodove sposobnosti za život. Često rezultira spektrom negativnih emocija i s njima povezanim simptomima. Njihov intenzitet i javljanje ovise o pojedincu, individualnim psihološkim čimbenicima, pozitivnoj psihijatrijskoj anamnezi i prethodnim iskustvima gubitaka trudnoće. Somatski se simptomi najčešće javljaju zajedno s neugodnim psihološkim čimbenicima te ih zajedno nazivamo psihosomatskim poremećajem. Prisutno je određeno zdravstveno stanje zbog kojeg se javljaju tjelesni simptomi. Cilj: Ispitati pojavnost somatskih simptoma u žena nakon gubitka trudnoće te ispitati moguće razlike u pojavnosti somatskih simptoma s obzirom na sociodemografska obilježja ispitanica te ovisno o načinu na koji je gubitak trudnoće nastupio i stadiju gubitka trudnoće. Materijali i metode: U presječnom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 355 žena s područja Republike Hrvatske s iskustvom gubitka trudnoće. Instrument istraživanja bio je anketni upitnik. Prvi dio anketnog upitnika odnosio se na opća i sociodemografska obilježja ispitanica. Drugi dio upitnika sastojao se od opstetricijskih podataka. Treći dio anketnog upitnika činile su čestice preuzete iz Hrvatske Verzije PHQ-15 upitnika somatskih simptoma. Rezultati: Obrađeni su podatci ukupno 353 ispitanice. Ukupna prosječna razina somatskih simptoma kod ispitanica iznosila je 12,06 bodova. Izraženost somatskih simptoma razlikovala se s obzirom na razinu obrazovanja, način gubitka trudnoće te stadij trudnoće u kojem je gubitak nastupio. Zaključak: Na temelju rezultata dobivenih ovim istraživanjem može se izvesti zaključak da su somatski simptomi kod žena nakon gubitka trudnoće prisutni. Također, postoje razlike u pojavnosti somatskih simptoma s obzirom na sociodemografska obilježja ispitanica, način na koji je gubitak trudnoće nastupio te stadij trudnoće.Introduction: Pregnancy loss is a spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy with the expulsion of the embryo before it reaches the capability for life. It often results in a range of negative emotions and associated symptoms. Their intensity and occurrence depend on the individual, individual psychological factors, positive psychiatric history, and previous experiences of pregnancy loss. Somatic symptoms commonly occur alongside distressing psychological factors, collectively termed a psychosomatic disorder. There is a certain health condition present that gives rise to bodily symptoms. Aim: Examine the occurrence of somatic symptoms in women following pregnancy loss, and investigate potential differences in the prevalence of somatic symptoms based on participants' sociodemographic characteristics, as well as depending on the manner and stage of pregnancy loss. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study included 355 women from the area of the Republic of Croatia who had experienced pregnancy loss. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire pertained to general and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire consisted of obstetric data. The third part of the questionnaire comprised items adapted from the Croatian version of the PHQ-15 questionnaire for somatic symptoms. Results: A total of 353 female participants were included in the analysis. The overall average level of somatic symptoms in the participants was 12.06 points. The severity of somatic symptoms varied based on the level of education, the manner of pregnancy loss, and the gestational stage at which the loss occurred. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that somatic symptoms are present in women after pregnancy loss. Furthermore, there are differences in the occurrence of somatic symptoms based on the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, the manner in which pregnancy loss occurred, and the gestational stage of the pregnanc