Extraction of pharmaceuticals mixture from water

Zbog široke primjene i velike potrošnje farmaceutici su češće zastupljeni u okolišu te dospijevaju u slojeve tla, podzemne i površinske vode. Ugrožavaju živote organizama i negativno utječu na cjelokupni ekosustav. Nužno je razvijati metode za otkrivanje prisutnosti farmaceutika u okolišu kako bi se pospješila kvaliteta ljudskog života. U ovom radu je razvijena metoda za analizu dvanaest farmaceutika (amoksicilin, atenolol, prokain, ofloksacin, sulfametazin, sulfametoksazol, torasemid, karbamazepin, deksametazon, ß-estradiol, diazepam, diklofenak) s različitim fizikalnim i kemijskim svojstvima iz otpadnih voda. Kao metoda pripreme uzorka ispitivanih farmaceutika iz vode odabrana je ekstrakcija čvrstom fazom čija je učinkovitost određena tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti s DAD detektorom. Najbolja iskorištenja su polučena korištenjem 100 mL izvorske vode pri pH 8, uz metanol kao otapalo za eluiranje u dva obroka od po 2 mL. Po završetku optimiranja parametara za ekstrakciju, metoda je validirana. Prethodno razvijena metoda je nakon validacije primijenjena na stvarnim uzorcima otpadnih voda iz bolnice.Due to their widespread use and high consumption, pharmaceuticals are increasingly present in the environment and enter in soil layers, groundwater and surface water. They threaten the life of organisms and negatively affect the entire ecosystem. It is necessary to develop methods for detecting the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment to improve the quality of human life. In this study, a method was developed for the analysis of twelve pharmaceuticals (amoxicillin, atenolol, procaine ofloxacin, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, torasemide, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, β-estradiol, diazepam, diclofenac) with different physical and chemical properties from wastewater. Solid phase extraction was chosen as the method for preparing the sample of tested pharmaceuticals from water, and its efficiency was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a DAD detector. The best efficiency was obtained using 100 mL of spring water at pH 8, with methanol as eluent in two portions of 2 mL each. After completing the optimization of the extraction parameters, the method was validated. After validation, the previously developed method was applied to real hospital wastewater samples