Communication Strategies Used by Learners of Japanese in an Oral Test

This paper analyzes the Communication Strategies used by learners in a preliminary Japanese course. The results are as follows: (1)Most frequent were cooperative strategies including requests for clarification and confirmation checks. (2)Code switching was also used but only parts of the sentences were changed into English. (3)Foreignizing, substitution, description, and exemplification were not used in this data. (4)Restructurings were used effectively by learners. Although requests for clarification were frequently used, it did not always lead to the solution of communication problems