Food Security Systems in Indonesia: Challenges and Implications to Food Security in Maluku

National food security policy is actually preceded by food self-sufficiency at national level which is focused on rice, corn, soybean, and meat. In fact, the priority target is more focused on rice self-sufficiency to produce as much as of 10 million tons of rice surplus or equals to 75.7 million tons in 2015. This target is achieved by integrating national food security systems. Because Java has complex problems of rice production, particularly in line with agricultural land conversion to non-farm activities, climate change, and small scale farm, therefore all provinces are asked by the central government to support and make the program of rice self-sufficiency as a main indicator to food security. Even though Maluku has 4.6 million ha of agricultural land but only of 20,000 ha of the land is cultivated by wet land rice that produced around 80,000 tons of rice or 50% of total rice demand in Maluku Province. This implies that rice self-sufficiency is very difficult to achieve because it needs three folds of rice land area and this is probably not suitable to apply in Maluku. Expansion of the wet land rice should be discontinued but intensification should be continued on the existing rice field. On the contrary, the area of agricultural land that suitable to dry land food crops is accounted around of 718,466 ha. Location specific, optimalization, clustering, regulation, and expansion of the area of dry land food crops, particularly for up land rice, sago palm, cassava, sweet potato, breadfruit, and corn, should be made as a main indicator of non-rice food self-sufficiency, food security, and nutrition security development in Maluku