INJURIES AND REHABILITATION OF THE SHOULDER JOINT IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Odbojka je jedan od najpopularnijih sportova širom svijeta. Specifični zadatci u odbojci kao što su skok, doskok, blokiranje smeč zahtijevaju puno od mišićno-koštanog sustava, a posebno stavljaju ogromno opterećenje na rameni obruč. Rameni zglob je najpokretljiviji kuglasti zglob u tijelu. U ramenom zglobu su mogući pokreti u svim smjerovima. Rameni zglob se sastoji od četiri različita zgloba: glenohumeralni zglob, akromioklavikularni zglob, sternoklavikularni zglob i scapulotorakalnog zgloba. Rameni zglob se sastoji od ključne kosti, lopatice i nadlaktične kosti. Na desnoj i lijevoj strani tijela te dvije kosti zatvaraju rameni obruč koji je straga nepotpun. Primarna mišićna skupina ramenog zgloba su mišići rotatorne manžete. Zbog ponavljajućih pokreta iznad glave u odbojci kojim je izložen dominantniji rameni obruč dolazi do fraktura i ozljeda mekih tkiva. Ako se ta naprezanja primjenjuju brzinom koja premašuje vrijeme oporavka tkiva, takvo preopterećenje s vremenom može rezultirati cjelokupnim oštećenjem ramena. Zbog većina vještine koje odbojkaši izvode u položaju iznad glave dolazi do disfunkcije odnosno prenaprezanja ramena. Zbog ponavljajučeg izvođenja smeča i visokog opterećenja najčešće su ozljede ramena u odbojci povezane sa sindromom prenaprezanja. Neke od njih su ozljede rotatorne manžete, sindrom sraza i supraskapularna neuropatija.Volleyball is one of the most popular sports around the world. Specific tasks in volleyball such as jumping, landing, blocking the shot demand a lot from the musculoskeletal system, and especially put a huge load on the shoulder girdle. The shoulder joint is the most mobile ball-and-socket joint in the body. In the shoulder joint, movements are possible in all directions. The shoulder joint consists of four different joints: the glenohumeral joint, the acromioclavicular joint, the sternoclavicular joint, and the scapulothoracic joint. The shoulder joint consists of the clavicle, scapula and humerus. On the right and left sides of the body, these two bones close the shoulder girdle, which is incomplete at the back. The primary muscle group of the shoulder joint is the rotator cuff muscles. Fractures and soft tissue injuries occur due to repetitive overhead movements in volleyball, which exposes the dominant shoulder girdle. If these stresses are applied at a rate that exceeds the recovery time of the tissue, such overloading can eventually result in overall damage to the shoulder. Due to the majority of skills performed by volleyball players in an overhead position, shoulder dysfunction or overstrain occurs. Due to the repetitive execution of garbage and high loads, the most common shoulder injuries in volleyball are related to overexertion syndrome. Some of them are rotator cuff injuries, impingement syndrome and suprascapular neuropathy