Analysis of the fleet utilization in the parcel distribution

Kod planiranja kapaciteta voznog parka, potrebno je odrediti potreban broj vozila s obzirom na očekivanu potražnju. Tvrtke moraju upravljati svojim voznim parkom kako bi korisnicima pružili odgovarajuću uslugu, uz minimalne troškove. Tvrtke se često oslanjaju na vlastite iskustvene metode, bez znanstvenog pristupa i analize. U radu je definiran postupak određivanja optimalne veličine voznog parka tvrtke za paketnu distribuciju. Izvedena je studija slučaja u kojoj su prikupljeni realni povijesni podaci tvrtke te je napravljen izračun optimalnog udjela vozila koje tvrtka treba imati i vozila angažirana od vanjskog prijevoznika za prikazano razdoblje. Također, elektrifikacijom voznog parka otvara se mogućnost smanjenja troškova održavanja, a daljnjim razvojem tehnologije smanjuje se cijena baterije, u konačnici i samog vozila. U radu je napravljena usporedba voznog parka dizelskih vozila i voznog parka električnih vozila, te su uspoređeni troškovi vozila i analizirana isplativost nabavki električnih vozila zajedno s ugradnjom solarne elektrane i punionica za vozila.When planning the fleet capacity, it is necessary to determine the required number of vehicles with regard to the expected demand. Companies need to manage their fleet in order to provide customers with adequate service at minimal costs. Companies mostly rely on their own experiential methods, without a scientific approach and analysis. In this paper, it defines the procedure for determining the optimal size of the company's vehicle fleet for parcel distribution. A case study was conducted in which real historical data of the company was collected and a calculation was madeof the optimal share of vehicles that the company should have and vehicled hired for an external carrier for the period shown. Also, the electrification of the vehicle fleet opens up the possibility of reducing maintenance costs, and the further development of tehnology reduces the price of the battery, and ultimately of the vehicle itself. The paper compares the fleet of diesel vehicles and the fleet of electric vehicles, and compares vehicle costs and analyzes the profitability of purchasing electric vehicles together with the installation of a solar power plant and charging stations for vehicles