Resistance of the fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. on botriticides

Fitopatogena gljiva Botrytis cinerea uzrokuje sivu plijesan na više od 240 biljnih vrsta. Uzrokuje gubitke prinosa i kvalitete, a posljedično i velike troškove. Vrsta producira velike količine konidija koje služe kao primarni inokulum za početak infekcije te je anamorfni stadij važan za epidemiologiju bolesti, dok je teleomorf rijedak u prirodi. Bolest nije moguće prognozirati te je najuspješnije suzbijanje fungicidima, popularno nazvanim botriticidi, na koje vrlo brzo razvija rezistentnost. Fenomen rezistentnosti B. cinerea na fungicide najprije je uočen u zaštiti vinograda gdje je obavezna zaštita protiv sive plijesni prema fenološkoj metodi s četiri preventivna tretiranja. Do danas su zabilježeni biotipovi rezistentni na sve botriticidne tvari. Rasvjetljavanje mehanizama nastanka rezistentnosti ukazalo je da preporuke antirezistentne strategije donijete za monogensku rezistentnost promoviraju tip višestruke rezistentnosti jer nju uvjetuje drugi mehanizam, pretjerana ekspresija transportnih proteina.The phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea causes gray mould on more than 240 plant species. It causes yield and quality losses, and consequently high costs. The species produces large amounts of conidia that serve as the primary inoculum for the beginning of infection, and the anamorphic stage is important for the epidemiology of the disease, while the teleomorphic stage is rare in nature. The disease cannot be predicted, and the most successful control is fungicides, popularly called botryticides, to which resistance develops very quickly. The phenomenon of resistance of B. cinerea to fungicide was first observed in the protection of vineyards, where protection against gray mould is mandatory according to the phenological method with four preventive treatments. To date, biotypes resistant to all botryticidal substances have been recorded. Elucidation of the mechanisms of the emergence of resistance indicated that the recommendations of the anti-resistance strategy are given for monogenic resistance to promote the type of multiple resistance, because it is determined by another mechanism, excessive expression of transport proteins