The Influence of Historical Events on the antiturcica of the 15th and 16th Century Croatian Latinity

Početak novoga vijeka u hrvatskim zemljama obilježit će sve češći dolasci Osmanlija, a oni će tijekom Stogodišnjeg hrvatsko-turskog rata koji je započeo Bitkom na Krbavskom polju 1493. g. i hrvatskim porazom, započeti proces osvajanja gotovo čitave Hrvatske. Rijetki preostali neosvojeni dijelovi krajem 16. st., odnosno nakon konačne habsburške pobjede u Bitci kod Siska 1593. g., u književnosti će se popularno nazivati ostatcima ostataka nekoć slavnoga Hrvatskog Kraljevstva (reliquiae reliquiarum olim magni et inclyti regni Croatiae). Čitavo to razdoblje obilježit će djelovanje hrvatskih humanista koji su književnim i diplomatskim putem nastojali približiti papama i vladarima Europe tešku situaciju u kojoj se nalazio čitav hrvatski narod te tim putevima dobiti potrebnu materijalnu, vojnu i ljudsku pomoć za obranu od nemilosrdnog neprijatelja. Ovaj rad usredotočit će se na djelovanje šestorice latinista koji su svojim apelima u obliku govora i pisama, nastojali dobiti istu. Početkom 16. st. Hrvatska se u takvim i ostalim djelima žanra antiturcica kojim se ovaj rad posebno bavi, počinje nazivati Antemurale Christianitatis odnosno štitom koji brani kršćansku Europu od Osmanlija. Ovaj i slični toposi postat će konstanta u protuturskoj književnosti koja će pozivati na ujedinjenje svih kršćana radi ostvarenja cilja – istjerivanje Osmanlija iz Europe.The beginning of the Early Modern Era in the Croatian lands will be marked by the increasingly frequent arrivals of the Ottomans, and during the Hundred Years' Croatian-Turkish War, which began with the Battle of Krbavsko polje in 1493. and the Croatian defeat, they will begin the process of conquering almost all of Croatia. The rare remaining unconquered parts at the end of the 16th century, after the final Croatian victory in the Battle of Sisak in 1593., will be popularly referred to in literature as the remnants of the once glorious Croatian Kingdom. This entire period will be marked by the activities of Croatian humanists who, through literary and diplomatic means, strove to bring the difficult situation of the entire Croatian nation closer to the popes and rulers of Europe, and through these means to obtain the necessary material, military and human aid for defense against a merciless enemy. This work will focus on the activities of six Latinists who tried to get the same through their appeals in the form of speeches and letters. At the beginning of the 16th century, in such and other works of the antiturcica genre, which this paper deals with, Croatia began to be called Antemurale Christianitatis, meaning a shield defending Christian Europe from the Ottomans. This and similar topoi will become a constant in anti-Turkish literature, which will call for the unification of all Christians in order to achieve the goal - the expulsion of the Ottomans from Europe