The influence of Gestalt psychology on cognitive linguistics on the example of selected cognitive linguistic terminology

Ovaj diplomski rad opisuje odnos kognitivne lingvistike i Gestalt psihologije, odnosno utjecaj kojeg je Gestalt psihologija ostavila na odabrano kognitivnolingvističko pojmovlje, a koje uključuje percepciju, percepcijsko načelo lika i pozadine, predodžbene sheme i perspektivu. U radu se polazi od opisa kognitivne lingvistike kao jezikoslovne teorije i njezinog smještaja unutar druge kognitivne revolucije. Nakon sažetog opisa prve kognitivne revolucije za koju je svojstvena pojava jezikoslovne teorije generativne gramatike, povlače se razlike između prve i druge kognitivne revolucije. Potom, prelazi se na kratak pregled razvoja Gestalt psihologije od njezinih najranijih početaka do ključnog trenutka, osnutka temeljnog termina gestalta. Poslije povijesnih pregleda, prelazi se na opis kognitivnolingvističkog pojmovlja i njegove usporedbe s opisom pojmovlja Gestalt psihologije, te se nude jezična i slikovna oprimjerenja. Tako se prije svega, razrađuje temeljni pojam Gestalt psihologije, gestalt i lingvistički pojam frazema kao primjer gestalta u jeziku, da bi se potom prešlo na opis percepcije, temeljnog interesa Gestalt psihologije, a bitnog pojma unutar kognitivne lingvistike. Nadalje, opisuje se jedno od percepcijskih načela, lik i pozadina, u detaljnijem pregledu. Najposlije, daje se pregled pojmova predodžbenih shema i perspektive. Ovaj rad završava s opisom glavnih postavki, sličnosti i razlika između ovih dvaju teorija, te opaskom kako interdisciplinarnost dovodi do novih uvida u tumačenja značenja u kontekstu određenih disciplina, u ovom slučaju lingvistike i psihologije.This graduation thesis describes the relationship between cognitive linguistics and Gestalt psychology, i.e. the impact that Gestalt psychology has had on the selected cognitive linguistic terminology, which includes perception, perceptual principle of Figure and Ground, image schemas and perspective. The paper starts from the description of cognitive linguistics as a linguistic theory and its placement within the second cognitive revolution. After a brief description of the first cognitive revolution, which is characterized by the appearance of the linguistic theory of generative grammar, the differences between the first and second cognitive revolutions are drawn. Then, it moves on to a brief overview of the development of Gestalt psychology from its earliest beginnings to the key moment, the founding of the fundamental term Gestalt. After the historical reviews, we move on to the description of the cognitive linguistic terminology and its comparison with the description of the Gestalt psychology terminology, and linguistic and pictorial examples are offered. Thus, first of all, the basic concept of Gestalt psychology, the Gestalt and the linguistic concept of idiom as an example of Gestalt in language, is elaborated, and then we move on to the description of perception, the fundamental interest of Gestalt psychology, and an essential concept within cognitive linguistics. Furthermore, one of the perceptual principles, Figure and Ground, is described in more detail. Finally, there is an overview of the concepts of image schemas and perspective. This paper ends with a description of the main assumptions, similarities and differences between these two theories, and a remark that interdisciplinarity leads to novel insights into interpretations of meaning in the context of certain disciplines, in this case linguistics and psychology