The origin and characteristics of cognitio extra ordinem

U ovom se radu objašnjava nastanak i obilježja civilnog postupka cognitio extra ordinem. Za razumijevanje njegovog razvoja potrebno je bilo opisati dva postupka koja su mu prethodila, legisakcijski i formularni postupak. Cognitio extra ordinem ispočetka se javlja samo kao izvanredni postupak, za određene vrste sporova, dok je kao redoviti i dalje vrijedio formularni postupak. Jačanjem carske diktature cognitio extra ordinem postupno se širi i u potpunosti izbacuje formularni postupak iz primjene. Ekstraordinarnom kognicijom pojavljuju se brojni noviteti. Postupak sada u cijelosti vodi sudac koji više nije laik, već profesionalac. Ne postoji dvodioba postupka koja je obilježila legisakcijski i formularni postupak. Pozivanje na sud vrši se putem službenih organa. Uvodi se institut priziva (appellatio), a presuda više ne mora glasiti samo na novac. U kognicijskom postupku nalaze se temelji današnjeg modernog građanskog postupka, naravno, uz nužne izmjene kako bi se prilagodio potrebama vremena.This paper explains the origin and characteristics of the civil procedure cognitio extra ordinem. In order to understand its development, it is necessary to describe the two procedures that preceded it, the legis actiones procedure and the formulary procedure. Cognitio extra ordinem initially appeared only as an extraordinary procedure, for certain types of disputes,while the formulary procedure was still valid as standard. With the strengthening of the imperial dictatorship, cognitio extra ordinem was gradually spreading and the formulary procedure had gone completely out of application. Numerous novelties appeared with extraordinary cognition.The proceedings were now entirely conducted by a judge who is no longer a layman, but a professional. There is no two-part procedure that characterizes the legis actiones and formulary procedure. Summoning to court is done through official bodies. The institute of appeal (appellatio) is introduced, and the judgment no longer has to be based only on money. In the extraordinary cognition, the foundations of today's modern civil procedure are found, of course, with the necessary changes to adapt to the needs of modern times