Application of Newsvendor Model in Inventory Planning

Uspješna tvrtka mora imati razrađeni sustav upravljanja zalihama te mora voditi računa o optimalnim količinama zaliha. Kako bi se ostvarila dobit i zadovoljili zahtjevi kupaca istovremeno, potrebno je imati kvalitetan model upravljanja zalihama robe. Optimalne zalihe osiguravaju kontinuirano funkcioniranje sustava uz najniže troškove nabave i skladištenja. Različiti modeli upravljanja zalihama imaju svoje prednosti i nedostatke, stoga je ključno unaprijed isplanirati koji model zadovoljava potrebe poslovanja. Dodatne izazove predstavlja roba s ograničenim vijekom trajanja (voće, novine, odjeća). Potrošači sve manje toleriraju nestašice zaliha te se bez oklijevanja obraćaju konkurenciji ako ne pronađu proizvod koji žele u savršenom stanju. Samim time, tvrtke koje prodaju robu s ograničenim vijekom trajanja moraju omogućiti dovoljnu razinu zaliha koja će pokriti potražnju kupaca, a da pritom imaju minimalni broj preostalih proizvoda na zalihama nakon prodajne sezone. Za tvrtke to znači da moraju dobro procijeniti optimalnu količinu zaliha za svoje proizvode. Jedan od modela pomoću kojeg se može odrediti optimalna razina zaliha za proizvode ograničenog vijeka trajanja jest Newsvendor model koji je jedan od najpopularnijih analitičkih modela u znanosti o odlučivanju i upravljanju operacijama.A successful trader must have a sophisticated inventory management system and be concerned about optimal stock levels. A quality inventory management model is necessary to make a profit while satisfying customer demand. Optimal inventory levels ensure the continuous functioning of the system with the lowest procurement and storage costs. Different inventory management models have their advantages and disadvantages, so it is crucial to plan in advance which model fits the company's needs. An additional challenge is posed by goods with a limited shelf life (fruit, newspapers, clothing). Consumers are increasingly less tolerant of shortages and will not hesitate to turn to the competition if they cannot find the desired product in perfect condition. Consequently, companies selling goods with a limited shelf life need to maintain sufficient stock to meet customer demand while keeping a minimum number of products in stock after the selling season. For companies, this means that they need to carefully estimate the optimal amount of inventory to hold for their products. One of the models that can be used to determine optimal inventory levels for products with limited shelf life is the newsvendor model, which is one of the most popular analytical models in decision science and operations management