Applications of 3D printing technologies in fixed prosthodontic treatment

3D gradnja pojam je koji označava izradu trodimenzionalnog objekta prethodno dizajniranog CAD programom, primjenom 3D pisača čiji se rad pak zasniva na slojevanju materijala. Načelno, ovaj se način izrade odlikuje preciznošću, učinkovitošću, uštedom materijala i dobrom brzinom, no s druge strane, cijena opreme, diskutabilni opseg naknadne obrade te učestala potreba za izradom potpornih struktura, u određenim okolnostima limitiraju mogućnost primjene istog. Aditivne tehnologije sve su prisutnije u dentalnoj medicini, a napose u protetici. Ponajviše se primjenjuju: stereolitografija, digitalna svjetlosna obrada, powder bed fusion tehnologije (SLS, SLM, DMLS, EBM), PolyJet, fuzijsko depozicijsko modeliranje i tehnologija tiskanja veziva na materijale. Primjena 3D ispisa u okviru fiksnoprotetičke terapije u prvom se redu očituje u izradi modela, privremenih nadomjestaka, wax-upa, silikonskog ključa i mock-upa te krunica i mostova. Materijali kojima se potonji izrađuju jesu metali, polimeri i keramike. Strelovit razvoj tehnologije 3D gradnje odrazio se na terapijske postupke u stomatologiji - uvelike su se ubrzali i pojednostavili te time postali podnošljiviji pacijentima, ali i terapeutima. Unatoč tome što je znatnija primjena 3D ispisa u ovoj grani industrije otpočela tek nedavno, vremenom će se zasigurno samo širiti, a postojeći nedostatci postepeno će se eliminirati.3D printing is the process of creating a three-dimensional solid object previously designed in a CAD program by successively depositing material layer by layer using a 3D printer device. This type of manufacturing process is generally characterized by its precision, efficiency, high material utilization, and good production speed. But, on the other hand, the expense of equipment, the challenges of post-processing, and the necessity for support structures may in certain circumstances limit its application. Additive manufacturing technologies have become increasingly popular in clinical dentistry, particularly in prosthodontics. Stereolithography, digital light processing, powder bed fusion (SLS, SLM, DMLS, EBM), PolyJet, fusion deposition modeling, and binder jetting are among the most commonly used methods. 3D printing offers a lot when it comes to fixed prosthodontic treatment - manufacturing of casts, interim restorations, wax-ups, silicone indexes, mock-ups, crowns, and bridges. 3D printing in dentistry primarily utilizes materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. The rapid development of 3D printing technologies has significantly affected the provision of dental procedures by simplifying treatments and reducing the time required. As a result, these procedures have become more manageable for both patients and therapists. While the growth of additive manufacturing in dentistry has started only recently, the trend is guaranteed to continue. In the course of time, this industry will surely overcome its current challenges and obstacles