Burnout Syndrome in Surgery Nurses: Cross-Sectional Study

Uvod: Sagorijevanje je psihološki sindrom koji se javlja kao produljeni odgovor na kronične interpersonalne stresore na poslu. Tri ključne dimenzije ovog odgovora su iznimno velika emocionalna iscrpljenost, depersonalizacija te osjećaj neučinkovitosti i nedostatka postignuća. Sindrom sagorijevanja tema je za koju su posljednjih godina porasli interes raznih medicinskih i psiholoških udruga, a Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (SZO) ga je 2019. godine dodala u Međunarodnu klasifikaciju bolesti (eng. International Classification of Diseases - ICD-11), dijagnostički priručnik koji koriste stručnjaci za mentalno zdravlje diljem svijeta. Medicinske sestre sa sindromom sagorijevanja mogu se iscrpiti dajući sve od sebe kako bi se brinuli za pacijente, pri čemu su šanse za oporavak minimalne te izraziti cinizam u nekarakterističnim negativnim ponašanjima, lošoj komunikaciji s drugima, pa čak i neuljudnošću prema suradnicima. Cilj: Ispitati i usporediti učestalost i obilježja sindroma sagorijevanja na poslu kod kirurških medicinskih sestara različitih profila, na odjelima i u operacijskom traktu. Hipoteze: Nema statistički značajne razlike u sindromu sagorijevanja kod medicinskih sestara na različitim kirurškim odjelima i u operacijskom traktu. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju su sudjelovale medicinske sestre zaposlene na kirurškim odjelima i u operacijskom traktu u Klinici za kirurgiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb. Instrument za prikupljanje podataka sastoji se od dva dijela: opći dio kojim se prikupljaju sociodemografski podaci, podaci vezani uz radno mjesto (radno mjesto – sala ili odjel, broj radnih sati u mjesecu) i standardizirani Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI – HSS) upitnik. Istraživanje je provedeno pomoću anonimnih upitnika. Za statističku obradu podataka korišten je programski paket STATISTICA 11.0. Rezultati: U istraživanje za procjenu sagorijevanja na poslu je uključeno 88 medicinskih sestara/tehničara dobi 40 godina od čega 74% žena i 26% muškaraca. Visoka emocionalna iscrpljenost je potvrđena kod 55% ispitanika, umjerena kod njih 32%, a niska kod svega 14%. Sličan odnos je utvrđen u slučaju osobnog postignuća gdje 57% ispitanika ima visoku razinu izgaranja, 26% njih umjerenu, a 17% nisku. Nešto niži rezultati potvrđeni su za depersonalizaciju koja je kod 44% ispitanika niska, 33% umjerena i kod 23% visoka. Osobe u bračnoj/izvanbračnoj zajednici imaju statistički značajno (p=0,0172) nižu razinu depersonalizacije u odnosu na ostale dvije skupine. Ispitanici s više od dvoje djece pokazuju najviši stupanj emocionalne iscrpljenosti te najviši utjecaj sagorijevanja na osobno postignuće dok je stupanj depersonalizacije najniži upravo u ovoj skupini, a najviši u skupini bez djece. Zaključak: Analizom rezultata je potvrđena hipoteza da nema statistički značajne razlike u izraženosti sindroma sagorijevanja medicinskih sestara na odjelima kirurgije i onima u operacijskoj sali.Background: Burnout is a psychological syndrome that occurs as a prolonged response to chronic interpersonal stressors at work. Three key dimensions of this response are extreme emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feelings of ineffectiveness and lack of accomplishment. Burnout syndrome is a topic that has increased the interest of various medical and psychological associations in recent years, and in 2019 the World Health Organization (WHO) added it to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), a diagnostic manual that used by mental health professionals around the world. Nurses with burnout syndrome can become exhausted by doing their best to care for patients, with minimal chances of recovery, and express cynicism in uncharacteristically negative behaviors, poor communication with others, and even rudeness towards colleagues. Aim: To determine and compare the frequency and characteristics of burnout syndrome at work in surgical nurses of different profiles, on the wards and in the operating room. Hypotheses: There is no statistically significant difference in the burnout syndrome among nurses in different surgical departments and in the operating room. Methods: Nurses employed in surgical departments and in the operating room at the Surgery Clinic of the Zagreb Clinical Hospital Center participated in the research. The instrument for data collection consists of two parts: a general part that collects sociodemographic data, data related to the workplace (workplace - room or department, number of working hours per month) and the standardized Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI - HSS ) question mark. The research was conducted using anonymous questionnaires. The software package STATISTICA 11.0 was used for statistical data processing. Results: 88 nurses/technicians aged 40 years were included in the research to assess burnout at work, of which 74% were women and 26% were men. High emotional exhaustion was confirmed in 55% of respondents, moderate in 32%, and low in only 14%. A similar result was found in the case of personal achievement, where 57% of respondents have a high level of burnout, 26% of them moderate, and 17% low. Slightly milder results were confirmed for depersonalization, which is low in 44% of respondents, moderate in 33% and high in 23%. Persons in a marital/common-law union have a statistically significant (p=0.0172) lower level of depersonalization compared to the other two groups. Respondents with more than two children show the highest degree of emotional exhaustion and the highest impact on personal achievement, while the degree of depersonalization is the lowest in this group, and the highest in the group without children. Conclusion: The analysis of the results confirmed the hypothesis that there is no statistically significant difference in the development of nurse burnout syndrome in the surgical wards and those in the operating room