Acute Aspergillus Laryngotracheobronchitis in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute Aspergillus Laryngotracheobronchitis in aChild with Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaABSTRACTInvasive fungal infection of the laryngotracheobronchial structures is rarely reported. Themortality rate in this condition is extremely high, especially for neutropenic patients. Timelyinitiation of the adequate antifungal drugs and supportive care is very important to improve theprognosis. We present a six-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who was shown tohave invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with laryngotracheobronchitis, which led to respiratoryfailure. At the time of intubation, pseudomembranes were seen on the laryngeal structuresand fungal laryngotracheobronchitis was considered. Epiglottis swab culture was positive forAspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus, and the patient was successfully treated with thecombination therapy of voriconazole and caspofungin.Keywords: Laryngotracheobronchitis; Aspergillus; Leukemia