Health care of patients with ulcer disease

Ulkusna bolest ograničeno je oštećenje sluznice probavnog sustava. Ulkus se može pojaviti na dijelovima probavnog trakta gdje postoji aktivnost želučane kiseline, a to su ponajviše jednjak, želudac i dvanaesnik. Ulkusna bolest jedna je od najčešćih bolesti gastrointestinalnog sustava. Prevalencija peptičkog ulkusa u općoj populaciji iznosi približno 5 do 10 %. Do pojave ulkusa dolazi zbog poremećaja ravnoteže između zaštitnih i agresivnih mehanizama koji djeluju na sluznicu probavnog sustava. Dolazi do linearnog ili okruglog defekta sluznice probavnog sustava koji prodire kroz muskularis mukoze. Najčešći su uzroci nastanka ulkusne bolesti infekcija bakterijom Helicobacter pylori, kronični stres i konzumiranje ulcerogenih lijekova (nesteroidni antireumatici i acetilsalicilna kiselina). Dijagnoza peptičkog ulkusa postavlja se endoskopskim pregledom. Važno je utvrditi postoji li infekcija H. pylori nizom invazivnih i neinvazivnih metoda dijagnostike. Ulkusna bolest prezentira se dispepsijom koja može biti praćena mučninom, povraćanjem, žgaravicom te osjećajem punoće nakon obroka. Međutim, mnogi bolesnici nemaju razvijene simptome peptičkog ulkusa, pa se tako kod njih ulkusna bolest dijagnosticira kod pojave komplikacija. U liječenju ulkusne bolesti osim farmakoterapije (protusekretorni protuulkusni lijekovi) veliku važnost ima i pravilan izbor hrane i pića. Bolesnicima se savjetuje izbjegavanje hrane koja im izaziva dispepsiju. Medicinska sestra u suradnji s ostalim članovima multidisciplinarnog tima usmjerava bolesnika u pravilan način prehrane, sudjeluje u dijagnostičkim postupcima te primjenjuje propisanu terapiju. Medicinska sestra prati i procjenjuje zdravstveno stanje bolesnika te utvrđuje probleme iz područja zdravstvene njege koje rješava koristeći izrađen plan zdravstvene njege.Ulcer disease is limited damage to the mucous membrane of the digestive system. Ulcers can appear on parts of the digestive tract where there is activity of gastric acid, which are mainly the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Ulcer disease is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal system. The prevalence of peptic ulcer in the general population is approximately 5 to 10%. Ulcers occur due to a disturbance in the balance between protective and aggressive mechanisms acting on the mucous membrane of the digestive system. There is a linear or round defect in the mucous membrane of the digestive system that penetrates through the muscularis mucosa. The most common causes of ulcer disease are Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic stress and consumption of ulcerogenic drugs (non-steroidal anti-rheumatic drugs and acetylsalicylic acid). The diagnosis of peptic ulcer is established by endoscopic examination. It is important to determine whether there is an H. pylori infection using a series of invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods. Ulcer disease presents with dyspepsia, which can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, heartburn and a feeling of fullness after a meal. However, many patients do not have developed symptoms of peptic ulcer, so ulcer disease is diagnosed in them when complications appear. In the treatment of ulcer disease, in addition to pharmacotherapy (anti-secretory anti-ulcer drugs), the right choice of food and drink is also very important. Patients are advised to avoid foods that cause dyspepsia. The nurse, in cooperation with other members of the multidisciplinary team, directs the patient to a proper diet, participates in diagnostic procedures and applies the prescribed therapy. The nurse monitors and assesses the patient's state of health and determines problems in the field of health care, which she solves using the prepared health care pla