The Management of Fishculture Industry and Roles of Fisheries Cooperatives : Forcused on Yellowtail Culture Industry in Japan

The Purpose of this research is to analyze and discuss the development of yellowtail aquaculture industry in Japan and its management structure. The research includes the following : (a) It confirms the industrial conditions of yellowtail aquaculture which has a national technical and mass production system that has been developed extensively, (b) It analyzes yellowtail aquaculture development from a family-oriented management to a large scale production, (c) It examines how the fisheries cooperatives harmonized their role with the object of individual aquaculture management and aquaculture fishing around management. The reasons for this study focusing on the yellowtail aquaculture industry of Japan are : (a) The yellowtail aquaculture is regarded as a typical field in aquaculture because it reflects the general aquaculture history, quantity of fisheries aquaculture product, the number of fishermen involved in this history, technology, and the live and fish market formation in Japan, (b) The aquaculture has the most powerful entrepreneurial in financial and management style. The aquaculture industry also has a most individual management style which includes planned production and shipping strategy. This research attempts to study the industrial processes of fisheries aquaculture industry and its management development, focusing on the yellowtail aquaculture industry of Japan. This work also includes data about the aquaculture management of fisheries cooperatives and case analysis of aquaculture production. The following results were obtained from this study : First, even though ocean, weather conditions, and widespread propagation of places suitable for aquaculture in Japan were crucial factors in aquaculture development, it must be pointed out that fisheries policy in Japan changed from catching in the 1960s to cultivating. Second, the widespread course of fisheries cultivating technology in Japan has had two characteristics. One is that early aquaculture technology spread to the southern part of Japan and the other is that metal nets were widely used in the northern part in the 1970s. Japanese yellowtail aquaculture industry's overproduction was due to metal nets. However, the use of metal nets also contributed to the improvement of aquaculture and the strategic aspects of aquaculture management. In addition, it should be stressed that Kagoshima prefecture as the pioneer of nets contributed fisheries aquaculturedevelopment in Japan. Third, as aquaculture technology developed, entrepreneurial qualities of aquaculture development also developed this field into a large scale business. Even though it is not clears, large scale management of yellowtail aquaculture show evidence of superiority over small and medium-size management of yellowtail aquaculture. Fourth, yellowtail aquaculture management in Japan has contributed to the production system and aquaculture strategy to meet consumer's needs and market demands from weather-oriented traditional fisheries industry, which overcome their overproduction structure. Fifth, Japanese fisheries cooperative played very important roles in the prevention of fishing grounds production from destruction and in promoting suitable aquaculture facilities so that aquaculture could grow continually