A system that remains dependable when facing changes (new threats, updates) is called resilient. The fast evolution of systems, including embedded systems, implies modifications of applications and system configuration, in particular at software level. Such changes may have an impact on the dependability of the system, in particular on the assumptions of the fault tolerance mechanisms. A system is resilient when such changes do not invalidate its dependability mechanisms, said in a different way, current dependability mechanisms remain appropriate despite changes or whose inconsistencies can be rapidly solved. We propose in this thesis a model for resilient computing systems. Using this model we propose a way to evaluate if a set of fault t...