The Strait of Gibraltar (SoG) is a narrow and shallow channel that forms the primary connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the global Ocean. This oceanic pathway is home to tremendous exchanges of water masses, closing the Mediterranean thermohaline and biogeochemical balances. Despite the broad impacts of these exchanges on the Mediterranean Sea, various mechanisms at play within the SoG and their influence on the Mediterranean climate remain, so far, unclear. This PhD investigates tidal and fine-scale processes at the SoG, their relevance to the Mediterranean climate, and their representation in numerical models. To do so, we rely on two numerical models of the Mediterranean region, providing different perspectives on the SoG and i...