This interview with Álvaro García Linera presents a deep reflection on the relationship between the national-popular and populism, two key concepts for analyzing Latin American politics. García Linera's preference for the former lies on its extraordinary explanatory capacity to understand heterogeneous plebeian social struggles, the construction of political subjects and revolutionary transformations. Nourished by the Gramscian debate of the 1980s, García Linera combines it with the Marxist discussion to account for the configuration of social classes that in Latin America, and especially in Bolivia, has a deep ethnic charge. The national-popular is the way of practical historical realization of the struggles of plebeian classes for their a...