Risk Factors for Ethambutol-Induced Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies

Visual impairment due to ethambutol toxicity may affect up to 100 000 individuals globally every year. Patients affected by ethambutol optic neuropathy (EON) typically present with painless loss of visual acuity and/or colour vision, and a history of at least two months of ethambutol use. While EON is well-documented in the literature, its risk factors are not fully elucidated. This systematic review aimed to assess and synthesize existing literature to identify risk factors associated with EON and appraise magnitude of risk