On the Intuitional Instruction in J. A. Comenius.

In the educational history J. A. Comenius (1592-1670) is considered the theoretical pioneer of intuitional instruction (Anschauugsunterricht). Now in this paper an attempt was made to explain the ethos which led Comenius to be an intuional instructor, the theoretical structure of his intuional instruction and its concrete phenomenon in his textbook. Discussion was made in the following 7 parts; (1) some ethos which supported the intuitional instruction of Comenius, (2) Comenius's educational goal, pansophia education, (3) the methodological principles of Comenius's didactics, (4) the system of pansophia or things, (5) the spiritual and mechanical views of man and mind, (6) sensualism in cognition, and (7) Orbis pictus, mainly the pictures themselves. In part (1), it was clarified that some elements of the ethos in the Bohemian Brotherhood as a sect of protestantism produced the tendency toward the intuitional instruction, and in part (2), that the eternalism over this world as a ethos of the Bohemian Brotherhood formed the thoughts of pansophia- or thingseducation consisted of three elements, erudition, morality and piety, and, therefore, everyone had to learn this three elements in preparation for the eternal life over this world. In part (3), since the principle for the system of pansophia or things seemed to be based on the methodological principles of his didactics, so its methodological principles were studied at first. Its principle was found to be based on the "productive Nature" = "technology" (but I may say it in other words, "order" or "mechanism"). In part (4), it was verified in relation to those chapters of his Orbis pictus (1658) that this "technology" formed the principle for system of pansophia or things. In part (5), discussion was made about the facts that Comenius emphasized the theaching of pansophia or things on the one hand, and about how he thought man and mind, or thinking process, it was clarified that Comenius thought it spiritual some times and mechanical at other times, but that his idea was dominantly mechanial (that is, the sensualism in cognition in other words). In part (6), the structure and mechanism of sensualism in cognition as the theoretical base of intuitional instruction was explained, in part (7), it was shown that the pictures of Orbis pictus as a textbook were not decorative, but very realistic and scientific, and also, they were quite adequate for the intuitional instruction