Empirical Research into the Lesson Development in the Japanese Language Aimed at Promoting the Ability to Live　－Through the lessons on Gongitsune－

Teachers actively angaged in school education must make efforts to create such an environment in which students can acquire their own learning style, enjoy the pleasure of learning or a sense of achievement while getting approval from eachother in the group and cultivating the ability to educate themselves, that is, to develop by themselves an active learning attitude. The starting point of this research was how to solve the problem of 'creating an eivironment' focusing on the instructional strategy in the subject of the Japanese language, especially on the teacher's assistance during lessons. In this paper, therefore, we took the record of the actural lessons in Gongitsune as first-hand data. Then, according to the view of 'creating environment' as stated above, we analyzed the practical aspect of the teacher's assistance in the record and tried to find out where the real problem lies. Based on the above consideration, we analyzed the lesson of Gongitsune from two definite viewpoints, that is, whether the class can nurture positive academic ability, and whether the class is responsive to every individual and can draw out into play students personalities. Then we came to the following hypothetical conclusions. First, if we are to satisfy the requirement of both points, teacher-centred instruction has certain limits, and so we need to consider the introduction of double-track instruction or teamteaching which makes the best use of characteristics of different teachers in the same class. Second, among the positive academic abilities pertaining to the ability to live, technical and skill-related capabilities may best be mastered in the form of individual learning and small group learning, while perceptive and cognitive faculties may best be improved in the form of small group learning and whole class learning through the negotiation between student s own views and those of the teacher or classmates. Finally, children can acquire the pleasure of learning and the way to learn by themselves by promoting lessons which are based upon the development of children's conception of problems. For this reason, teachers, mav be adヽrised to record Words and deeds of children during lessons with a seat chart or card and then endeavor to utilize the record duringthe class