Adults' informal learning: definitions, findings, gaps and future research

This paper offers an examination of different conceptions of informal learning and the issues and limitations associated with alternative definitions of informal learning. A review of relevant empirical research on the estimated extent, role and outcomes of informal learning, and posited linkages between informal and formal methods of learning, as well as a critical assessment of current research approaches to studying informal learning and identification of policy-relevant knowledge gaps concerning the general level and nature of informal learning is also provided. The paper offers a recommendation of optimal approaches to future research on informal learning practices with a particular focus on survey research in CanadaNational Research Network on New Approaches to Lifelong Learning (NALL) founded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Grant No. 818-96-103