Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the leaf extracts of Hedranthera barteri in rats and mice

Hedranthera barteri , HB (Apocynaceae) is a shrub in the closed-forest in some parts of West Africa and used among the natives for inflammatory pain relief. This study was carried out to assess the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of its leaf extracts to confirm folkloric claims. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity were carried out on the leaf of the plant. Aqueous (AEHB), methanol (MEHB) and chloroform (CEHB) extracts of the leaf were assessed for anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. The probable mechanism of action of the extracts in analgesia was assessed using naloxone. Student's t-test was used to test for statistical significance.Phytochemistry of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardenolides, saponins and flavonoids. The rats tolerated thermal pain significantly more (P<0.05) with the extracts than the control. The inhibitory rates of the extracts on acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking (late and early phase) and carrageenan-induced paw oedema when compared with the control were significant. Graded doses of MEHB tolerated thermal pain more significantly (P<0.05), compared with the control. Likewise, the inhibition produced by the graded doses of MEHB on acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking (early and late phases) and carrageenan-induced paw oedema were significant compared with the control (P