Occupational contact dermatitis among the traditional 'tie and dye' cottage industry in Western Rajasthan

Background : Dyeing is an age-old process and forms an integral part of textile industries. Tying is a process by which a particular part of cloth is prevented from the process of dyeing. The skin diseases in workers engaged in the ′tie and dye′ industry have not been extensively studied. Aims : To study the prevalence of contact dermatitis among workers engaged in the ′tie and dye′ industries in and around Jodhpur (Western Rajasthan). Methods : One thousand three hundred workers engaged in ′tie and dye′ work were evaluated for occupation-related dermatitis. Those with skin lesions were subjected to patch tests using 2% aqueous solution of the dyes and chemicals commonly used by them. These included direct dyes, VAT dyes, sulfur dyes and azo dyes. Fifty workers without skin lesions served as controls. Results : One hundred patients (7.69%) had dermatitis involving the exposed sites, mainly the hands and forearms. Eighty-one patients showed positive reactions to one or more dyes, most commonly Red RC base (azo dye), followed by naphthol. Conclusion: Red RC base and naphthol were the commonest allergens in the ′tie and dye′ industry