An optimal MRAC–ASMC scheme for robot manipulators based on the artificial bee colony

In this paper, an optimal multi-adaptive robust controller is proposed for robot manipulators using the gradient descent method and artificial bee colony. At first, Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) and Sliding Mode Control (SMC) are separately designed for handling a robot manipulator with two revolute (2R) joints. Further, the coefficients of the sliding surfaces and control efforts are updated via a suitable adaptive mechanism based on the gradient descent method. In addition, in order to minimize the weighted summation of Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), some constant parameters of the controllers are determined by the artificial bee colony optimization algorithm. Finally, comparisons and performance tests are illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme for trajectory tracking in comparison with other traditional approaches.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author