Material Application Methodologies for Winter Road Mobility: A Renewed Perspective

Winter road maintenance operations, commonly known as snow/ice control operations, are one of the most critical functions of state, provincial and local transportation agencies in cold regions. These operations aim to provide safety and mobility by timely and effective application of materials and plowing. The most common materials used are salt (sodium chloride, solid and brine), magnesium chloride-based, and calcium chloride-based deicers, agro-based additives and blends, and abrasives. In practice, the specific choice and application method and rate of these materials dependent on temperature, precipitation type, level of service goals, budget, and environmental sustainability. Best practices of material application are designed to apply the right type and amount of materials in the right place at the right time. This review presents the literature review and agency interviews that were conducted to assemble the information about the use of materials, including types of materials, application tactics, application rates, and application equipment.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author