Spatial variation of sunflower cultivation in Iraq (quantitative geographic study)

The sunflower crop needs different temperatures during the growth stages, as it does not grow at a low degree to less than (7) and a maximum (35%), and the optimum temperature for its growth ranges between (25-30) - (35) and the crop needs temperatures After the stage of germination until the stage of maturity, as the stage of germination of its seeds begins at a temperature ranging between (15_17°C), especially during the spring planting, but during the autumn planting, its seeds need a temperature of up to (30°C). ( ) Either during the vegetative growth stage, the sunflower crop needs a temperature ranging between (20_25°C) during the spring planting for the period March-April. As for the autumn planting, the crop needs (30°C), so its cultivation begins between the months of August-September until it reaches Their average temperature is between (32_36°C