Risk factors and drug efficacy for severe illness in hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant of COVID-19

Background: The Omicron variant of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been spreading more rapidly and is more infectious, posing a higher risk of death and treatment difficulty for patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aims to explore the severity rate and risk factors for hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant, and to conduct a preliminary analysis of the clinical efficacy of drugs. Methods: Clinical and biochemical indicators of 219 hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant were statistically analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were severely ill, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors for severe illness. The severely ill patients were then grouped based on discharge or death, and the treatment drugs were included as influencing factors for multiple regression analysis to determine the risk factors and protective factors for death of severely ill patients, and drug efficacy analysis was conducted. Results: Analysis showed that diabetes, low oxygen saturation , and high C-reactive (CRP) protein were independent risk factors for severe illness in hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant. A history of diabetes and high C-reactive significantly increased the risk of severe illness in patients (aOR: 1.450; aOR: 1.011), while a high oxygen saturation level can reduce this risk (aOR: 0.871). In addition, respiratory distress was an independent risk factor for death in severely patients, significantly reducing the probability of discharge for patients (aOR: 0.152). The drug Thymalfasin and Tanreqing significantly increased the probability of discharge for patients (aOR: 1.472; aOR: 3.104), with the latter having a higher correlation, but with a relatively longer effective course. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant of COVID-19 should pay special attention to their history of diabetes, CRP and oxygen saturation levels, as well as respiratory distress symptoms, to reduce the risk of severe illness and death. In addition, Thymalfasin and Tanreqing may be considered in treatment