Influences of institutional pressures on corporate social responsibility attitude and corporate social responsibility outcomes

We study the antecedents that help explaining how firms should deal with CSR in this modern economy where there is a heightened demand for firms to behave in a socially responsible manner, and also why some firms succeed with their CSR initiatives while others fail. We believe (1) different types of demands from various stakeholder groups, (2) managers‟ attitude, and (3) disaggregation of CSR dimensions to be three important issues playing a role in creating robust CSR. Our results unveil that external and internal institutional pressures alone do not have significant relationships with both types of CSR: firm-benefit CSR and mutually-benefiting CSR. Instead these forces affect CSR attitude of managers, which successively, influences the kinds of CSR they consider and engage i