Deduction Systems Based on Resolution

A general theory of deduction systems is presented. The theory is illustrated with deduction systems based on the resolution calculus, in particular with clause graphs. This theory distinguishes four constituents of a deduction system: the logic, which establishes a notion of semantic entailment; the calculus which provides the syntactic counterpart of entailment; the logical state transition system, which determines the representation of formulae or sets of formulae together with their interrelationships, and also may allow additional operations reducing the search space; the control, which comprises the strategies and heuristics used to choose the most promising from among all applicable derivation steps. For the last two levels many alternatives are presented and appropriately adjusted notions of soundness, completeness, confluence, and Noetherianness are introduced in order to characterize the properties of particular deduction systems. For more complex deduction systems, where logical and topological phenomena interleave, these properties can be far from obvious