Burnout prevention in oncology nursing

Uvod: Delo v zdravstveni negi onkoloških pacientov je fizično in psihično naporno. Medicinske sestre občutijo utrujenost tudi zaradi sočutja do pacienta, saj za rakom zbolijo tako starejši kot mlajši. Pacienti s svojimi osebnimi težavami dodatno obremenjujejo osebje, to pa povzroči več stresa in izgorelosti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati razširjenost izgorelosti med medicinskimi sestrami v onkologiji, identificirati specifične dejavnike tveganja za nastanek izgorelosti ter ugotoviti, katere metode so učinkovite za preprečevanje izgorelosti pri medicinskih sestrah v onkološki zdravstveni negi. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo s pregledom literature, ki smo ga izvedli s pomočjo iskanja v bibliografskih bazah Cobiss, Medline, PubMed in CINAHL Ultimate v časovnem obdobju od januarja do junija 2023. Rezultati: Od 254 zadetkov smo jih 16 uporabili v analizi, ki je pokazala visoko prevalenco izgorelosti med onkološkimi medicinskimi sestrami. Pri svojem delu se srečujejo s tveganji za izgorelost, kot so psihična in fizična obremenitev, dolg delovni čas, izmensko delo, umiranje in smrt pacienta, nudenje psihološke podpore pacientu in družini, uporaba kemoterapevtskih zdravil, pomanjkanje osebja in socialne podpore, čustvene zahteve, nudenje spolne zdravstvene vzgoje. Za ublažitev stresorjev je najbolj pomembno dodatno usposabljanje, sprostitev in pogovori. Razprava in zaključek: Avtorji v analizo vključenih člankov poročajo o ravneh izgorelosti, dejavnikih tveganja in o možnostih za učinkovito obvladovanje stresa. Na področju izgorelosti med onkološkimi medicinskimi sestrami so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave, ki bi prispevale k lajšanju dela in s tem k zmanjšanju izgorelosti.Introduction: In oncology nursing, the work is typically physically and mentally exhausting. The oncology nurses also feel tired because of compassion for the patient, as cancer affects both the elderly and the young. Patients with their issues and problems put an additional burden on the staff, which in turn causes more stress and burnout. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the prevalence of burnout among oncology nurses and identify specific burnout risk factors and effective methods for burnout prevention in oncology nurses. Methods: We used a descriptive method with a literature review, which was carried out by searching the bibliographic databases Cobiss, Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL Ultimate in the period from January to June 2023. Results: Of the 254 hits, 16 were used in the analysis that showed a high prevalence of burnout in oncology nursing and defined risk factors such as mental and physical stress, long working hours, shift work, patient dying and death, offering psychological support to the patient and family, use of chemotherapy drugs, lack of staff and social support, emotional demands, and offering sexual health care. Additional training, relaxation, and conversations with peers are the most important activities to mitigate stressors. Discussion and conclusion: In the research, the authors reported on the levels of burnout and the factors that influence it, as well as the possibilities for effective stress management. Further research is needed to understand burnout among oncology nurses, which would contribute to making work easier and thereby reducing burnout