Mental disorders between social constructivism and neurobiological reductionism

Magistrsko delo poskuša prikazati nekaj ključnih vidikov in problemov s sodobno deskriptivno in biološko psihiatrijo. Cilji naloge so prikazati trenja, ki obstajajo med deskriptivno naravnanimi diagnostičnimi kategorijami in izsledki raziskav biološke psihiatrije. Naloga osvetli osnovne predpostavke biološke psihiatrije in skuša ugotoviti, ali se pojav duševnih motenj sklada s strogo naturalistično interpretacijo duševnih motenj kot »naravne vrste«. Predlaga, da lahko duševne motnje bolje razumemo s pomočjo idej Iana Hackinga in Ludwika Flecka, saj nam njuna pojmovna aparata omogočita osvetliti vpetost nastanka znanstvenih dejstev v različne družbeno-kulturne in zgodovinske procese. Na primeru kulturno specifičnih sindromov in zgodovinsko pogojenih pojmov, kot je melanholija, poskusi prikazati, da so duševne motnje vseskozi prežete z družbeno-kulturnimi lastnostmi, ki pomembno vplivajo na njihov nastanek in razvoj.This master\u27s thesis delves into pivotal facets and challenges intrinsic to contemporary descriptive and biological psychiatry. The primary objectives of this thesis are to elucidate the discrepancies that arise between descriptively inclined diagnostic classifications and the empirical findings emanating from biological psychiatry. The work underscores the foundational tenets of biological psychiatry, interrogating whether the manifestation of mental disorders aligns with a rigorously naturalistic portrayal of such disorders as \u27natural kinds\u27. It postulates that the understanding of mental disorders can be enhanced by drawing on the theories of Ian Hacking and Ludwik Flecktheir theoretical frameworks illuminate how the inception of scientific truths is deeply interwoven with diverse sociocultural and historical trajectories. Through the lens of culturally distinct syndromes and historically contingent terminologies, such as melancholia, the study underscores that mental disorders are invariably permeated with sociocultural nuances, which profoundly influence their genesis and evolution