Role of plant growth regulators in modern production of ornamental plants

Rastni regulatorji vplivajo na stanje hormonov v rastlinah in jih uporabljamo pri pridelavi okrasnih rastlin. Lahko so sintetični analogi ali inhibitorji rastlinskih hormonov. Z uporabo regulatorjev rasti vplivamo na vsebnost ali na mesto delovanja hormonov. Uporaba rastnih regulatorjev pri pridelavi hortikulturnih rastlin se je začela širiti po letu 1930 in njihovo delovanje je raznoliko. Avksini se v obliki indol-3-ocetne kisline, indol-3-maslene kisline in alfa-naftil-3-ocetne kisline uporabljajo za ukoreninjanje potaknjencev, giberelini kot giberelinska kislina za pospeševanje rasti in inhibitorji giberelinske kisline za zaviranje rasti. Aktivna snov benziladenin, ki vpliva na citokinine, se uporablja predvsem v in vitro tehnikah, etefon, ki vpliva na razvoj etilena pa je učinkovit pri krizantemah, ciklamah in bromelijah, z vplivom na cvetenje. Abscizinska kislina kot rastni regulator pomaga rastlinam pri odzivu na stres. Rastni regulatorji, zaradi svojega vpliva na življenjske procese v rastlini, sodijo med fitofarmacevtska sredstva in so strogo regulirani. Zaradi tega in ciljev kmetijske politike se pridelovalci okrasnih rastlin poslužujejo nekemičnih načinov regulacije rasti, s katerimi vplivajo na rast rastlin. Ukrepi, kot so zmanjšano gnojenje, sušni stres, velikost loncev, kontrola temperature in vršičkanje spremenijo rast in procese v rastlini do te mere, da je brez uporabe rastnih regulatorjev kakovostna, rastline pa so primerne za prodajo.Growth regulators influence phytohormones present in plants and for that reason are used in the production of ornamental plants. They can be synthetic analogues or inhibitors of plant hormones and are used to influence the concentration or the site of action of hormones. The use of growth regulators began in the 1930s for diverse uses. Auxins in the form of indole-3-acetic, indole-3-butyric acid and alpha-naphthyl-3-acetic acid are used for the promotion of rooting in cuttings, gibberellins as gibberellic acid to promote growth and in the form of inhibitors to inhibit it. The active substance benzyl adenine, which affects cytokinins, is mainly used in in vitro techniques, while ethephon, which affects ethylene development, is effective in chrysanthemums, cyclamen, and bromeliads by affecting flowering. Abscisic acid increases tolerance to environmental stress. Growth regulators are classified as plant protection products and are strictly regulated due to their effect on plant life processes. For this reason and agricultural policy objectives, ornamental plant producers resort to non-chemical means of growth regulation to influence plant growth. Measures such as reduced fertilisation, drought stress, pot size, temperature control and pinching alter the growth and processes in the plant to such an extent that it is of a quality and marketable without the use of growth regulators