International space law and national legislations on space activities

Porast dejavnosti zasebnih subjektov pri raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja je prinesla potrebo po poglobljeni regulaciji novih pravnih problemov in sprememb na področju vesoljskih dejavnosti, implementaciji mednarodnega prava vesolja v nacionalno zakonodajo in uporabi pravil prava vesolja za dejavnosti zasebnih subjektov. Hipoteza tega magistrskega diplomskega dela je, da je slovenski Zakon o vesoljskih dejavnostih v primerjavi z zakoni o vesoljskih dejavnostih drugih držav pomanjkljiv in potreben izboljšav, saj so določeni instituti v našem zakonu pomanjkljivo urejeni v primerjavi z ureditvijo drugih držav. V prvem delu magistrsko diplomsko delo predstavi razloge za sprejem nacionalnih vesoljskih zakonodaj o vesoljskih dejavnostih ter mednarodni in regionalni vpliv nanje. V drugem delu preučuje, analizira in primerja različne institute ali elemente, ki so urejeni v nacionalnih vesoljskih zakonodajah, kot so jurisdikcija države, avtorizacija in nadzor vesoljskih dejavnosti, odgovornost upravljavca in sankcije v primeru kršitev obveznosti. Države prilagajo nacionalno zakonodajo predvsem svojim potrebam in interesom. Zelo so si podobne določbe nekaterih zakonov evropskih držav. Opazne so tudi razlike med zakoni velikih držav, držav, ki so vesoljsko zelo aktivne, držav, ki so prve začele raziskovati in uporabljati vesolje, držav, ki so sprejele zakone že dolgo časa nazaj, ter zakoni, ki so jih sprejele države z malo vesoljskimi dejavnostmi oz. države, ki šele začenjajo izvajati vesoljske dejavnosti. Magistrsko diplomsko delo v zadnjem delu poda predloge za dopolnitve, spremembe in izboljšave slovenskega Zakona o vesoljskih dejavnostih.Increase of the activities of private entities in the exploration and use of outer space has brought about the need to regulate new legal issues and changes in the area of space activities in greater depth, to implement international space law into national law, and to apply the rules of space law to the activities of private entities. The hypothesis of this master thesis is that the Slovenian Law on Space Activities in comparison with laws on space activities in other countries is deficient and in need of improvement because specific institutes in our law are lacking compared to legislations of other countries. In the first part, the master thesis presents the reasons for adopting national space laws on space activities and the international and regional impact on them. The second part examines, analyses and compares the different institutes or elements regulated in national space laws, such as the country’s jurisdiction, authorisation and control of space activities, operator’s liability, and sanctions in case of breach of obligations. Countries adapt their national laws mainly to fit their own needs and interests. There are similar provisions in the laws of some European countries. There are also visible differences between the laws of large countries, very space active countries, countries that were the first to explore and use outer space, countries that adopted laws a long time ago, and laws adopted by countries with little space activity or countries that are just beginning their space activities. In the last part, the master thesis proposes amendments, changes, and improvements to the Slovenian Law on Space Activities