Closed-loop and linear urban water management, case study of Singapore and Ho Chi Minh City : Indirect potable reuse as a recommendation of water management in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The thesis aims to transition Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) from traditional water management strategies to a sustainable water management approach, drawing lessons from Singapore. To achieve this, HCMC should develop new water sources through rainwater catchment, wastewater reclamation, and desalination for an indirect potable reuse system. The establishment of a new organization by the HCMC government to manage the entire urban water cycle is crucial for seamless planning, construction, and operation, providing a foundation for the implementation of an indirect potable reuse system. The thesis emphasizes the importance of water use and management as a collective effort involving all citizens. It presents a coherent and simplified logical framework to facilitate understanding even for individuals with limited background knowledge in engineering