GIS-based modelling of accessibility via different transport modes case study : Christchurch's Leisure Centres

The term accessibility is often used to describe planning goals in urban development and transportation plans. This also applies to the relevant planning documents for Christchurch, New Zealand. At the same time few examples exist, which actually model accessibility in order to measure performance and evaluate policies. Generally defined, accessibility reflects the ease of reaching needed or desired activities and thus reflects characteristics of both the land use system and the transport system. In the present study, a GIS-based evaluation of accessibility to Christchurch's major leisure centres (Pioneer Leisure Centre, Centennial Leisure Centre and QEII Park) via different transport modes and at different traffic conditions was performed. A zone to point distance measure was used and distance was calculated as travel time along the shortest path of the transport network. The derived service areas were then combined with population density data of Christchurch's area units in order to integrate the characteristics of transport and land use systems. The results, which are displayed in maps and charts, illustrate that accessibility to the Leisure Centres varies significantly according to transport mode and traffic condition considered. Around 30% of Christchurch's population do not have access to one of the centres within 15 minutes travel time. Whereas car and bike offer access to a leisure centre for most residents, catching the bus or walking are inferior travel alternatives