Physiological principles of current therapeutic approaches in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The pathology of Alzheimer's disease includes amyloid and tau hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Classical treatments for Alzheimer's disease include drugs targeting the cholinergic and glutamatergic systems, such as donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine. Diagnostic tools and techniques are constantly evolving to better identify and monitor the course of the disease. New approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease include beta-amyloid-targeted therapies that seek to reduce the production or facilitate the clearance of these pathological peptides. Nutritional and lifestyle interventions, such as the potential effects of antioxidants on reducing oxidative stress, the neuroprotective effects of statins, and the potential benefits of a ketogenic diet for Alzheimer's patients, have become a key part of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and are being explored as part of a comprehensive strategy to improve patients' quality of life. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid hypothesis, tau hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, cholinergic system, glutamatergic system, new therapeutic approaches, nutrition, lifestyle