Optimizing Routing in Nature-Inspired Algorithms to Improve Performance of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

It is a wireless network made up of mobile nodes that operate independently and use radio waves to communicate. Nodes can communicate with one another without a permanent basic structure by exchanging packers with nearby nodes. When the hosts are in wireless communication range, they exchange packets directly and without the need for a middle man. By sending messages to intermediaries, communication occurs outside of the wireless range. The message is sent to the closest host by the originating node. The host intern passes it on to the host that is the closest to it, allowing for numerous hops between the intermediate nearby nodes to carry out the conversation. In these networks, each node is in charge of deciding which path is the most effective for transferring packets. The best path is picked and the packet is forwarded when a node receives it. Every node of the network has routing capabilities built into it in this fashion. At first, a new protocol called Energy Aware Simple Ant Routing Algorithm (ESARA) was developed in which the node's energy consumption was factored into the cost function. It was discovered that the adjustment boosted the packet delivery ratio and decreased routing overhead. Such an adjustment also helped boost communication throughput. It was observed that ESARA's performance improved even when the number of hosts increased